IN THIS LESSON

What it is

Toxicology is the study of harmful substances and their effects on the human body. In forensic science, toxicologists analyze biological samples, like blood and urine, to detect drugs, alcohols, or poisons.

How it works

  1. Sample Collection: Biological samples (such as blood, urine, or tissue) are collected from the individual.

  2. Screening Tests: Initial tests (like immunoassays, a biochemical test that detects and quantifies specific molecules in biological sample using the highly specific reaction between an antibody and its antigen) are performed to detect the presence of specific substances.

  3. Confirmation Analysis: Positive results undergo confirmation using more precise methods such as gas chromatography (for separating and separating compounds that can be vaporized without decomposition), and mass spectrometry (for measuring mass to charge ratio of ions).

  4. Interpretation: The results are interpreted considering the dosage, time of exposure, and how it would affect the individual.

examples

Forensic toxicology has been vital in cases of overdoses, poisoning, and DUI (Driving Under the Influence) investigations.

In the case of Marilyn Monroe's death in 1962, toxicology reports showed high levels of barbiturates in her system, contributing to the conclusion of accidental overdose.

Why it matters

Toxicology plays a crucial role in uncovering the truth in cases of overdose or poisoning. By analyzing biological samples to detect drugs, alcohol, or toxic substances, forensic toxicologists can provide vital information that clarifies the cause of death. For families grappling with loss, toxicology results can alleviate uncertainty and foster healing by confirming what caused the tragedy.

The role of AI

AI-driven toxicology screens can quickly identify substances in biological samples, providing timely results in urgent cases.